1. WIKI教程
2. 学习设计模式
3. 设计模式 - 复合模式( Composite Pattern)

设计模式 - 复合模式( Composite Pattern)

复合模式用于需要以与单个对象类似的方式处理一组对象的位置。 复合模式根据树结构组成对象，以表示部分以及整个层次结构。 这种类型的设计模式属于结构模式，因为此模式创建了一组对象的树结构。

此模式创建一个包含其自己的对象组的类。 此类提供了修改其相同对象组的方法。

我们通过以下示例演示复合模式的使用，其中我们将显示组织的员工层次结构。

实现 (Implementation)

我们有一个Employee类，它充当复合模式actor类。 CompositePatternDemo ，我们的演示类将使用Employee类添加部门级层次结构并打印所有员工。

Step 1

创建具有Employee对象列表的Employee类。

Employee.java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String dept;
   private int salary;
   private List<Employee> subordinates;
   // constructor
   public Employee(String name,String dept, int sal) {
      this.name = name;
      this.dept = dept;
      this.salary = sal;
      subordinates = new ArrayList<Employee>();
   }
   public void add(Employee e) {
      subordinates.add(e);
   }
   public void remove(Employee e) {
      subordinates.remove(e);
   }
   public List<Employee> getSubordinates(){
     return subordinates;
   }
   public String toString(){
      return ("Employee :[ Name : " + name + ", dept : " + dept + ", salary :" + salary+" ]");
   }   
}

Step 2

使用Employee类创建和打印员工层次结构。

CompositePatternDemo.java

public class CompositePatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Employee CEO = new Employee("John","CEO", 30000);
      Employee headSales = new Employee("Robert","Head Sales", 20000);
      Employee headMarketing = new Employee("Michel","Head Marketing", 20000);
      Employee clerk1 = new Employee("Laura","Marketing", 10000);
      Employee clerk2 = new Employee("Bob","Marketing", 10000);
      Employee salesExecutive1 = new Employee("Richard","Sales", 10000);
      Employee salesExecutive2 = new Employee("Rob","Sales", 10000);
      CEO.add(headSales);
      CEO.add(headMarketing);
      headSales.add(salesExecutive1);
      headSales.add(salesExecutive2);
      headMarketing.add(clerk1);
      headMarketing.add(clerk2);
      //print all employees of the organization
      System.out.println(CEO); 
      for (Employee headEmployee : CEO.getSubordinates()) {
         System.out.println(headEmployee);
         for (Employee employee : headEmployee.getSubordinates()) {
            System.out.println(employee);
         }
      }		
   }
}

Step 3

验证输出。

Employee :[ Name : John, dept : CEO, salary :30000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Robert, dept : Head Sales, salary :20000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Richard, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Rob, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Michel, dept : Head Marketing, salary :20000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Laura, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Bob, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]